There were many things I learned in Introduction to Immunology this semester that came together with my other classes to improve my understanding of biological functions. The first that comes to mind is the role that organs serve in the immune system. I’ve learned many times over where the thymus, bone marrow and spleen are,…

IgM, as drawn above, is a quaternary protein consisting of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. Within each chain are variable and constant regions. The Fragment-antibody region includes the heavy and light chain, and the N-terminal tips. The N-terminal tips are involved in antigen binding and give the receptor its specificity and…

Monoclonal Antibodies and Multiple Sclerosis             Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and unpredictable autoimmune disease that attacks the central nervous system. In those affected, the immune system sends T-cells that attack the brain and spinal cord, leading to inflammation and the demyelination of the nerve cells’ myelin sheath. MS also damages nerve cell bodies…