Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs breaks down human motivation into five levels, and technology is part of fulfilling each of these needs in the modern digital world.

Physiological Needs:

Whereas traditional physiological needs relate to food, water, and shelter, technology has become an essential component of everyday life. I think we sometimes stressed if we lose the internet or a phone, it’s sort of a withdrawal reaction. For instance, I rely on my phone to use my alarms, food delivery apps, and my fitness through a smartwatch.

Safety Needs:

Cybersecurity is an example of this category. Like anyone who locks their doors at night, I use firewalls, antivirus software, and multi-factor authentication to impede unwanted access to my personal and financial information online. It made me more vigilant when my device was previously compromised with malware, at which point I felt that my virtual security had been breached.

Love and Belonging:

This need is fulfilled by social media and messaging apps as they keep me in contact with family and friends. Apps like WhatsApp and Zoom help me keep up relationships, particularly with people I care about who live far away.

Esteem Needs:

Technology enables people like me to develop and be identified. Finishing online courses, getting digital certificates or receiving likes and comments on social media posts promote self-esteem.

Self-Actualization:

Technology is my tool for learning, growing as a professional, and creating. I pick up skills through platforms like Coursera, Udemy and YouTube, and I contribute to my field through cybersecurity research.