A primary article is a written report detailing new research findings. It is an original report, written by the researchers themselves and is considered a primary source for the topics it entails. A primary article will typically include sections for an introduction, methods of research, results, discussion and references. These articles will be peer-reviewed by experts in the same field before publication.
The purpose of a review article in scientific literature is to provide a synopsis or analysis of a particular topic using pre-existing research articles. A review article is a secondary source, meaning the original researchers had no part in the authorship. A review article does not necessarily cover all topics of the original report, nor agree with the proposed findings. Review articles are useful for summarizing lengthy scientific publications, and for further analysis or development of a research topic.
The scientific peer review process is used to ensure the most accurate information is being published. Once a researcher or team has concluded their experiment, data collection and analysis and has compiled their article, it will be submitted to an academic journal to be accepted or rejected by the journal’s editor. If the article is accepted, the editor will send it to other experts in the field for review. During the review, the subject matter expert will ensure that the methodology of the study has been fully described so that it may be replicated to demonstrate consistency and validity. The reviewer will also confirm that there are no obvious mathematical, analytical or grammatical errors. Most importantly, the reviewer will ensure that the findings of the experiment support the conclusions drawn. Once the article has been peer reviewed, it will either be accredited or discredited. If the research is accepted it will be sent back to the journal, and there will typically be suggested edits for the original author. The scientific review process is vital to the dissemination of new findings in the scientific community and aims to maintain the integrity of all involved.
Between the two articles provided, I believe the primary article is Base editing of hematopoietic stem cells rescues sickle cell disease in mice. This article has all the components of a primary article: title, author, abstract, introduction, data, data analysis, conclusion, references and has been peer reviewed. Additionally, the article is marked as the Author’s Manuscript, published by the academic journal Nature. I determined the review article to be Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene-Addition/Editing Therapy Sickle Cell Disease. This article also has most of the components of the first, however it clearly states on the title line and the top of the first page that it is a review article. The first article also has more specific data points and methodology listed, which makes me feel confident that it is a primary source.