Encryption: One of the primary ways that engineers make cyber networks safer is through encryption. Encryption is the process of converting data into a code to prevent unauthorized access. Engineers use complex algorithms to encrypt data as it is transmitted across the network, making it much more difficult for hackers to intercept and read.

Firewalls: Another important tool for cybersecurity is the firewall, which engineers use to control access to the network. Firewalls act as a barrier between the network and external sources, blocking unauthorized access and filtering out potentially harmful traffic.

Intrusion detection and prevention: Engineers also use intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDS/IPS) to monitor network traffic and detect potential threats. IDS/IPS can identify unusual activity and alert engineers to potential threats in real-time, allowing them to respond quickly and prevent data breaches.

Multi-factor authentication: Engineers also implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) to add an extra layer of security to network access. MFA requires users to provide more than one form of identification, such as a password and a fingerprint or a code sent to their mobile device, making it much more difficult for hackers to gain unauthorized access.

Security testing: To ensure that their cybersecurity measures are effective, engineers conduct regular security testing. This involves attempting to hack into the network to identify weaknesses and vulnerabilities, then addressing those weaknesses before they can be exploited by real hackers.