1. Describe four ethical issues that arise when storing electronic information about individuals.

a. Privacy Concerns:

  • Safeguarding individuals’ privacy is a paramount ethical concern. Unauthorized access, data breaches, or unintentional disclosure of sensitive information can compromise personal privacy, leading to potential harm, identity theft, or misuse of personal details.

b. Data Accuracy and Integrity:

  • Maintaining the accuracy and integrity of stored electronic information is crucial. Ethical challenges arise when data is manipulated, intentionally or unintentionally, leading to misinformation that can impact individuals’ lives, decisions, and well-being.

c. Informed Consent:

  • Obtaining informed consent before collecting and storing electronic information is an ethical imperative. Individuals have the right to be aware of what data is being collected, how it will be used, and with whom it may be shared. Failing to provide transparent information breaches the trust between data collectors and individuals.

d. Data Retention Policies:

  • Establishing fair and transparent data retention policies is essential. Ethical concerns emerge when organizations retain electronic information longer than necessary or use data for purposes beyond the initially communicated scope, potentially infringing on individuals’ rights and expectations.

2. Compare cybersecurity risks in the U.S. and another country.

Comparing cybersecurity risks between the U.S. and another country reveals variations influenced by technological infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, and geopolitical factors. For instance, while both countries face common threats such as phishing attacks and malware, the U.S., with its extensive digital infrastructure, may be more susceptible to large-scale cyber-attacks and sophisticated threats. In contrast, a developing nation might face challenges related to limited cybersecurity awareness and resources.

Factors like government cybersecurity policies, international relations, and the prevalence of cybercrime contribute to distinct risk landscapes. Understanding these differences is crucial for developing effective global cybersecurity strategies that address both common threats and region-specific challenges. It emphasizes the need for international cooperation to strengthen cybersecurity measures on a global scale.