The scientific principles of determinism, relativism, objectivity, parsimony, skepticism, and ethical neutrality can be applied to both the study and application of cybersecurity.

• Determinism: In relation to cybersecurity determinism might refer to the idea that actions done by threats such as hacking or exploiting a vulnerability in a system is determined by a cause-and-effect relationship were every cyber event could be traced back to specific factors such as stated before vulnerabilities, weak security measures, or malicious threats. A way to apply this principle to the study of cybersecurity would involve analyzing the cause-and-effects of cyber threats.
• Relativism: When applying the principle of relativism to cybersecurity would be to acknowledge that the perception of security itself can vary depending on the context of the situation. Different organizations might have different security needs in which they prioritize defending against different risks. In application of studies one could factor in these differing needs and perspectives to help devise strategies and evaluate risk assessments.
• Objectivity: Can very easily be applied to cybersecurity as it would be basing decisions on factual information and unbiased analysis rather then anecdotal or subjective opinions. This would mean practicing a rigorous examination to prove its integrity and moreover a critical evaluation of how organizations that suffered from cyber threats.
• Skepticism: This principle is also one that easily relates to cybersecurity as it can be seen as an almost essential mindset to question assumptions, claims, and best practices already put in place by an organization. As one needs to ensure that the already in-place measures are valid and effective.
• Parsimony: This principle also colloquially called Occam’s Razor would suggest that the simplest explanation that can adequately explain a situation is often the correct one. In relation to cybersecurity this would mean trying to make the simplest effective security policies to combat security challenges. It would be avoiding unnecessary complexity as it might introduce protentional vulnerabilities into the system or hinder the effectiveness of the cybersecurity measures as a whole.
• Ethical Neutrality: Ethical neutrality in relation to cybersecurity calls for maintaining a neutral stance when it comes to ethics and morality in security practices. It would mean keeping to established legal and ethical industry standards while ensuring the protection of sensitive data, user privacy, data integrity, and the integrity of systems as a whole. An example of an ethical consideration might be disclosing discovered vulnerabilities or reporting when an organization has suffered a breach from a cyber threat.